1. What makes glass ideal for fiber-connectivity in integrated photonics?
Glass offers optical transparency, low loss, and compatibility with waveguide inscription.
2. Can waveguides be written directly in glass?
Femtosecond laser direct writing creates 3D waveguides inside the glass volume.
3. Which wavelengths are supported by glass photonics?
Typically from UV to near-IR.Waveguides have been optimized for near-IR even though the fabrication process can be developed also for VIS.
4. Are glass photonic devices stable under temperature?
Yes, glass maintains refractive index and geometry under high-temperature operation.
5. How precise is alignment in photonic glass chips?
Micrometer-level accuracy ensures low insertion loss in optical circuits.
6. Can electrical and optical functions coexist in glass?
Yes, metallization enables hybrid opto-electronic integration.
7. What surface quality is needed for low-loss optics?
Surface roughness below 50nm down to < 10nm minimizes scattering and optical loss.
8. Is glass compatible with fiber coupling?
Yes, glass ferrules (incl. V-grooves and 1D/2D hole arrays) can be fabricated for accurate fiber alignment and combined with both micro-optics and waveguides
9. How scalable is glass photonic fabrication?
Wafer-level production supports prototyping to mass manufacturing.
10. What are typical applications?
Data-/Tele-com, integrated photonics, co-packaged optics, photonic computing, quantum optics,etc.
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